Investigating Cases of Strangulation, Criminal Asphyxiation, and Drowning Involving Children

Strangulation, criminal asphyxiation, and intentional drowning are all forms of physical abuse that can result in serious injuries or even death in children. As child abuse professionals, it is essential to understand the unique challenges and complexities involved in investigating and prosecuting these types of cases.

One of the challenges of investigating these cases is the lack of visible evidence. Unlike other forms of physical abuse, such as bruises or fractures, the injuries resulting from strangulation, criminal asphyxiation, and drowning may not be immediately apparent or visible. This can make it difficult to prove that the abuse occurred, especially if the child did not seek medical attention immediately or if there are no external marks or injuries.

When a child has been a victim of strangulation, criminal asphyxiation, or intentional drowning, they may exhibit both physical and behavioral signs of abuse. Some physical signs of this type of abuse may include:

• Bruising or petechiae (tiny red or purple spots) around the neck or face

• Swelling or redness around the neck or face

• Difficulty breathing, coughing, or choking

• Vomiting

• Loss of consciousness or confusion

• Seizures

• Memory loss or trouble concentrating

Behavioral signs may include:

• Anxiety or fearfulness

• Difficulty sleeping or nightmares

• Depression or withdrawal

• Changes in appetite or weight

• Avoidance of certain people or places

• Aggression or self-harm

It is important to note that these signs may not always be present and can vary depending on the age of the child and the severity of the abuse. It is important for child abuse professionals to conduct a thorough assessment of the child and their environment in order to identify any potential signs of abuse.

To overcome these challenges, investigators and prosecutors must work closely with medical professionals and other members of the multidisciplinary team (MDT). It is essential to conduct a thorough medical examination of the child to look for any signs of internal injuries or trauma. Medical professionals can also provide expert testimony in court to help establish that the injuries were the result of abuse.

When it comes to drowning cases, investigators must also consider the role of water safety and supervision. Was the child left unsupervised in or near water, or was proper safety equipment not used? These factors can play a significant role in determining the level of negligence on the part of the caregiver or parent.

Dry drowning is a term used to describe a type of drowning that occurs when someone inhales water into their lungs, causing their airways to spasm and close up. This can occur even if the person did not fully submerge in water, such as when a child is playing in a shallow pool or bathtub. Dry drowning can lead to serious complications such as brain damage, organ failure, and even death if left untreated.

In addition to dry drowning, other complications can arise from strangulation, criminal asphyxiation, and drowning. These may include pneumonia, brain damage, seizures, and cardiac arrest. Children who have been the victim of this type of abuse may also experience long-term psychological effects, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

It is important for medical professionals and investigators to be aware of these potential complications and to closely monitor children who have been the victim of this type of abuse. Prompt medical attention can be critical in preventing serious and potentially life-threatening complications. It is crucial to recognize the severity of these crimes and the potential for long-term physical and emotional harm to the child. Research has shown that victims of strangulation and asphyxiation are at a significantly increased risk of death or serious injury from subsequent abuse incidents from that same abuser. Offenders who engage in these types of crimes may also be more likely to escalate to more severe forms of violence in other areas of their life and with other people in their life.

Investigating and prosecuting cases of strangulation, criminal asphyxiation, and drowning involving children requires specialized skills and knowledge. Working closely with medical professionals, conducting sensitive interviews with children, and recognizing the potential for long-term harm are all essential components of a successful investigation and prosecution. By understanding these challenges and working collaboratively with the MDT, we can work to protect children and hold offenders accountable for their actions.

Additionally, for professionals seeking a higher level of training in this topic, Andrea Zaferes is an expert in water rescue and recovery, and her experience and knowledge can be invaluable for child abuse professionals investigating cases involving strangulation, criminal asphyxiation, and drowning. As Vice President of Lifeguard Systems and RIPTIDE, Andrea teaches hundreds of police, fire, EMS, military, and USCG personnel annually throughout the U.S., Canada, Asia, and Caribbean. Her courses are specifically designed for professionals who work with victims of water-related incidents and include training on water rescue, public safety dive operations, blackwater contingency, and homicidal drowning investigations. Child abuse professionals are encouraged to seek out Andrea's training opportunities to gain the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively investigate cases involving these types of abuse. Andrea Zaferes' website is teamlgs.com. The website provides information on Lifeguard Systems and Riptide Rescue, courses and training available, resources for water rescue and recovery professionals, and information about Andrea and her experience in the industry.